(HealthDay News) -- People who play football and other fall sports are at increased risk for lower extremity injuries and need to take precautions to protect themselves, says the American Podiatric Medical Association (APMA).
"Stress fractures of the foot, ankle sprains and ligament injuries are all, unfortunately, quite common in popular fall sports such as football," Dr. David Davidson, podiatric medical consultant for the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League, said in an APMA news release. "From maintaining proper conditioning to wearing sport-specific footwear, athletes can function at peak performance much more often when constantly maintaining high levels of footwear safety."
Sprains, fractures and turf toe are among the most common acute injuries suffered by people playing fall sports.
Sprains (stretched or torn ligaments) can be caused by hard sprinting. Prevention includes doing proper warm-up exercises before and after workouts, practices and games. Spend five to 10 minutes stretching, holding and relaxing muscles. Sprains that don't show improvement in three days should be looked at by a doctor. Treatment may include casting, immobilization and a rehabilitation program, the APMA said.
Casting, and sometimes surgery, is required to properly immobilize fractures and set breaks. It usually takes 10 to 12 weeks to recover. You can reduce your risk of stress fractures (incomplete fractures in bones typically caused by overuse) by wearing sport-specific footwear that contains extra padding.
Turf toe is a painful hyperextension of the big toe joint. Competing on artificial turf is the leading cause of this condition, but it can also occur on grass and other natural surfaces, the APMA said. Customized foot orthotics can help protect against turf toe and wearing a stiffer shoe can prevent further aggravation of the condition. Treatment of turf toe usually includes rest, ice, compression and elevation (RICE).
More information
The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons has more about foot and ankle injuries.
Minggu, 28 September 2008
Rabu, 24 September 2008
Boomers Should Add Muscle Before It's Too Late
(HealthDay News) -- Strength training can help people build muscle mass to assist in the fight against the debilitating effects of old age until they reach 80, a new study says.After that, not so much, according to the authors.
The Ball State University study, sponsored by a grant from the U.S. National Institutes of Health, found that while six men in their 80s did get somewhat stronger, their whole muscle size and fiber size did not grow during a 12-week training regime.
"We know that there is accelerated muscle loss as we get older," Scott Trappe, director of Ball State's Human Performance Laboratory, said in a university news release. "The best way to keep our muscles from shrinking is through resistance training, which allows our body to maintain muscle size and strength as we go through our 60s and 70s."
Trappe said aging eventually causes the loss of "fast-twitch" muscle fibers, reducing the ability to produce the explosive movements that allow us to move our feet and arms to keep from falling. The concurrent loss of slow-twitch muscles, the large ones found in the legs, thighs, trunk, back and hips, weakens posture as well. Together, these losses make it harder to balance and maintain an independent life.
"At this point," he said, "I would advise people to actively engage in some sort of resistance training once they hit their 60s. From our study, once you hit the threshold of 80, that may not be possible."
A 2003 study published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, estimated U.S. health care costs directly attributed to sarcopenia, the degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, exceeds $26 billion. Indirectly, sarcopenia has contributed to a doubling of home health care and nursing home expenditures to $132 billion annually.
More information
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has more about healthy living for older adults.
Senin, 22 September 2008
Shorter-Course Radiation for Breast Cancer Safe, Effective
(HealthDay News) -- A more intense but briefer course of radiation therapy is equally effective as the traditional longer course for certain breast cancer patients, Canadian researchers report.
The new findings reflect a longer term follow-up than those presented five years ago, noted Dr. Timothy Whelan, lead author and a radiation oncologist at the Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, in Hamilton, Ontario.
His team was expected to present the findings Monday at the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) meeting in Boston.
"We first presented our results five years ago, but many oncologists were reluctant to adopt this," said Whelan, referring to the briefer but more intense radiation treatments. "They were concerned about long-term effects."
In the new study, Whelan's group followed the women for 12 years, comparing the results in 1,234 women with early-stage breast cancer who had a lumpectomy and then were randomly assigned to receive standard whole breast radiation for five weeks, to women who received "accelerated" whole breast radiation for three weeks.
At the 10-year mark, cancer returned locally in 6.2 percent of those who got the briefer therapy, compared with 6.7 percent of those who got traditional therapy. Cosmetic results were similar in both groups. The researchers noted no differences between the two groups in terms of radiation-linked side effects.
In a second study, also expected to be presented Monday at the ASTRO conference, Dr. Peter Beitsch, a surgical oncologist at Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas, said that radiation "seed" implants work well as an alternative to standard whole breast radiation. He used a type of accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) that involves a radiation seed implant, called balloon brachytherapy.
After the tumor is surgically removed, the doctor inserts a small balloon into the cavity, attaches a catheter to the balloon, and delivers a high radiation dose by way of tiny radioactive seeds.
Beitsch used the Mammosite Radiation Therapy System, approved by the FDA in 2002. The manufacturer, which funded the study, wanted to conduct a post-approval study, he said.
Beitsch reported on 400 women (of more than 1,400 total) now followed up for almost four years. He found that the rate of early complications, such as pockets of accumulated fluid, were similar to those of patients receiving standard therapy. Cosmetic results were similar, too.
The researchers reported 28 breast tumor recurrences (about 2 percent). "The range of recurrences for whole breast radiation is nearly zero to 5 percent," Beitsch said, so these results are comparable.
The best candidates for the seed therapy, he said, are women age 45 years or older, with tumors of three centimeters or less and a diagnosis of ductal cancer or ductal cancer in situ (DCIS). About 40 percent of women diagnosed with breast cancer would probably be candidates, Beitsch estimated.
In a third study presented at the meeting, a form of external beam radiation therapy called proton therapy reduced the risk of cancer patients developing a secondary malignancy by twofold, compared to traditional radiation therapy using photons.
Proton therapy is a more targeted radiation that delivers less radiation to surrounding areas than does photon radiation. However, during the delivery of proton therapy, neutrons are produced and scattered, and some experts fear this scatter radiation may boost the chances of a secondary cancer.
Researchers compared 503 patients with a variety of cancers -- including brain tumors, sarcomas and prostate cancer -- who had proton therapy against 1,600 who had photon therapy. After a one year or more of follow-up, 6.4 percent of those who had proton therapy got a second cancer, compared to 12.8 percent of those who got traditional photon therapy. The median followup (half were longer, half shorter) was 7.7 years for the proton group and 6.1 years for the photon patients.
The results suggest that fears about scatter radiation may not be justified, said Dr. Albert Blumberg, M.D., vice chairman, radiation oncology, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Md., and chairman of the American College of Radiology's Commission on Radiation Oncology, who reviewed the studies for HealthDay.
Blumberg is not so sure, however, that the briefer radiation course touted in Whelan's study will catch on. Among his concerns: "The cosmetic result in larger women may not be comparable," Blumberg said.
And while the seed therapy described in Beitsch's study may be more convenient than traditional treatments, Blumberg worries about longer-term results. "I disagree with his [Beitsch's] blanket assessments that recurrence is not a concern," he said. While the study's follow-up was nearly four years, "most researchers look at five-year follow-up," Blumberg noted. With time, he said, more recurrences could appear.
More information
To learn more about radiation therapy, visit the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.
The new findings reflect a longer term follow-up than those presented five years ago, noted Dr. Timothy Whelan, lead author and a radiation oncologist at the Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, in Hamilton, Ontario.
His team was expected to present the findings Monday at the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) meeting in Boston.
"We first presented our results five years ago, but many oncologists were reluctant to adopt this," said Whelan, referring to the briefer but more intense radiation treatments. "They were concerned about long-term effects."
In the new study, Whelan's group followed the women for 12 years, comparing the results in 1,234 women with early-stage breast cancer who had a lumpectomy and then were randomly assigned to receive standard whole breast radiation for five weeks, to women who received "accelerated" whole breast radiation for three weeks.
At the 10-year mark, cancer returned locally in 6.2 percent of those who got the briefer therapy, compared with 6.7 percent of those who got traditional therapy. Cosmetic results were similar in both groups. The researchers noted no differences between the two groups in terms of radiation-linked side effects.
In a second study, also expected to be presented Monday at the ASTRO conference, Dr. Peter Beitsch, a surgical oncologist at Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas, said that radiation "seed" implants work well as an alternative to standard whole breast radiation. He used a type of accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) that involves a radiation seed implant, called balloon brachytherapy.
After the tumor is surgically removed, the doctor inserts a small balloon into the cavity, attaches a catheter to the balloon, and delivers a high radiation dose by way of tiny radioactive seeds.
Beitsch used the Mammosite Radiation Therapy System, approved by the FDA in 2002. The manufacturer, which funded the study, wanted to conduct a post-approval study, he said.
Beitsch reported on 400 women (of more than 1,400 total) now followed up for almost four years. He found that the rate of early complications, such as pockets of accumulated fluid, were similar to those of patients receiving standard therapy. Cosmetic results were similar, too.
The researchers reported 28 breast tumor recurrences (about 2 percent). "The range of recurrences for whole breast radiation is nearly zero to 5 percent," Beitsch said, so these results are comparable.
The best candidates for the seed therapy, he said, are women age 45 years or older, with tumors of three centimeters or less and a diagnosis of ductal cancer or ductal cancer in situ (DCIS). About 40 percent of women diagnosed with breast cancer would probably be candidates, Beitsch estimated.
In a third study presented at the meeting, a form of external beam radiation therapy called proton therapy reduced the risk of cancer patients developing a secondary malignancy by twofold, compared to traditional radiation therapy using photons.
Proton therapy is a more targeted radiation that delivers less radiation to surrounding areas than does photon radiation. However, during the delivery of proton therapy, neutrons are produced and scattered, and some experts fear this scatter radiation may boost the chances of a secondary cancer.
Researchers compared 503 patients with a variety of cancers -- including brain tumors, sarcomas and prostate cancer -- who had proton therapy against 1,600 who had photon therapy. After a one year or more of follow-up, 6.4 percent of those who had proton therapy got a second cancer, compared to 12.8 percent of those who got traditional photon therapy. The median followup (half were longer, half shorter) was 7.7 years for the proton group and 6.1 years for the photon patients.
The results suggest that fears about scatter radiation may not be justified, said Dr. Albert Blumberg, M.D., vice chairman, radiation oncology, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Md., and chairman of the American College of Radiology's Commission on Radiation Oncology, who reviewed the studies for HealthDay.
Blumberg is not so sure, however, that the briefer radiation course touted in Whelan's study will catch on. Among his concerns: "The cosmetic result in larger women may not be comparable," Blumberg said.
And while the seed therapy described in Beitsch's study may be more convenient than traditional treatments, Blumberg worries about longer-term results. "I disagree with his [Beitsch's] blanket assessments that recurrence is not a concern," he said. While the study's follow-up was nearly four years, "most researchers look at five-year follow-up," Blumberg noted. With time, he said, more recurrences could appear.
More information
To learn more about radiation therapy, visit the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.
Kamis, 18 September 2008
The Anti-Inflammatory Diet: 14 Ingredients to Avoid
An important step in creating a healthy kitchen is to read and understand food labels. When you begin restocking your pantry, food labels are your best resource to assess what to keep and what to toss Find Out What Ingredients To Avoid
Selasa, 16 September 2008
Obesity Surgery: Less Successful for Diabetics?
By Theresa TamkinsA gastric bypass is a radical operation for desperate people. But a new study shows that this dramatic procedure—during which surgeons fashion a tiny new pouch that bypasses the old, larger stomach and part of the small intestine—isn’t always a weight-loss home run.
Minggu, 14 September 2008
Later Use of Clot-Buster After Stroke Possible: Study
(HealthDay News) -- European researchers who showed that the clot-dissolving drug tPA could safely be used within three hours after a stroke now say the limit can be extended to four-and-a-half hours.
"We now have a three-hour limit mandated by authorities," said Dr. Nils Wahlgren, a neurology professor at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden and leader of an international group reporting Sunday in the online version of The Lancet. "Our data indicate that it is safe to extend that from three hours to four-and-a-half hours. The risk of hemorrhagic complications is not significantly different from the earlier time limit."
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), also known as the drug alteplase, is the approved treatment for the most common kind of stroke, in which a blood clot blocks a brain artery. The three-hour post-stroke time limit has been set because of fears that use of the clot-dissolving drug beyond that period might cause dangerous bleeding or other complications.
The new report is the latest from a study requested by European authorities after doubts arose about the safety of tPA in stroke treatment, which was approved in 1996 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. It was approved in 2002 in Europe.
The study compared the outcomes of 664 people who were given tPA between three and four-and-a-half hours after a stroke against almost 12,000 who received the drug within three hours of an attack.
The study found a death rate of 12.7 percent in the following three months for the three-hour group and 12.2 percent for those getting tPA later. In the early group, 58 percent achieved the ability of independent action, compared to 56.3 percent in the later-administration group.
"We recorded no significant differences between the 3- to 4.5-hour cohort and the within 3-hour cohort for any outcome measure," the researchers reported.
The bottom line, according to Wahlgren: "if patient treatment has been delayed, it is still safe to treat a patient beyond the time limit of three hours."
The results were expected to be presented at an international meeting in Stockholm in November, "when we will recommend a change in the guidelines," Wahlgren said. "I expect it would be accepted by the international community, both in the United States and Europe, and in the rest of the world."
But the new results do not necessarily mean an end to the three-hour limit, cautioned Dr. Larry Goldstein, professor of neurology at Duke University and director of the Duke Stroke Center in Durham, N.C.
"They are consistent with a combined analysis done some time ago that suggested we might be able to treat beyond three hours," Goldstein said. "But those were observational studies, as was this one. Controlled trials done to test that belief have not shown benefit."
It will take a change in the current guidelines to alter the three-hour limit, he said, and the overall benefit of tPA is greater when it is given earlier. "The sooner you get blood to the brain, the better," Goldstein said.
More information
There's more on tPA at the American Heart Association.
"We now have a three-hour limit mandated by authorities," said Dr. Nils Wahlgren, a neurology professor at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden and leader of an international group reporting Sunday in the online version of The Lancet. "Our data indicate that it is safe to extend that from three hours to four-and-a-half hours. The risk of hemorrhagic complications is not significantly different from the earlier time limit."
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), also known as the drug alteplase, is the approved treatment for the most common kind of stroke, in which a blood clot blocks a brain artery. The three-hour post-stroke time limit has been set because of fears that use of the clot-dissolving drug beyond that period might cause dangerous bleeding or other complications.
The new report is the latest from a study requested by European authorities after doubts arose about the safety of tPA in stroke treatment, which was approved in 1996 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. It was approved in 2002 in Europe.
The study compared the outcomes of 664 people who were given tPA between three and four-and-a-half hours after a stroke against almost 12,000 who received the drug within three hours of an attack.
The study found a death rate of 12.7 percent in the following three months for the three-hour group and 12.2 percent for those getting tPA later. In the early group, 58 percent achieved the ability of independent action, compared to 56.3 percent in the later-administration group.
"We recorded no significant differences between the 3- to 4.5-hour cohort and the within 3-hour cohort for any outcome measure," the researchers reported.
The bottom line, according to Wahlgren: "if patient treatment has been delayed, it is still safe to treat a patient beyond the time limit of three hours."
The results were expected to be presented at an international meeting in Stockholm in November, "when we will recommend a change in the guidelines," Wahlgren said. "I expect it would be accepted by the international community, both in the United States and Europe, and in the rest of the world."
But the new results do not necessarily mean an end to the three-hour limit, cautioned Dr. Larry Goldstein, professor of neurology at Duke University and director of the Duke Stroke Center in Durham, N.C.
"They are consistent with a combined analysis done some time ago that suggested we might be able to treat beyond three hours," Goldstein said. "But those were observational studies, as was this one. Controlled trials done to test that belief have not shown benefit."
It will take a change in the current guidelines to alter the three-hour limit, he said, and the overall benefit of tPA is greater when it is given earlier. "The sooner you get blood to the brain, the better," Goldstein said.
More information
There's more on tPA at the American Heart Association.
Rabu, 10 September 2008
Study Probes Why Smokers Find It Hard to Quit
(HealthDay News) -- If you're not craving a hit of nicotine the moment you declare you are quitting smoking, your battle just got a little tougher, say researchers at the University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University.
"We have observed previously that the idea of smoking a cigarette becomes increasingly attractive to smokers while they are craving," lead investigator Michael Sayette, a University of Pittsburgh professor of psychology, said in a university news release. "This study suggests that when smokers are not craving, they fail to appreciate just how powerful their cravings will be. This lack of insight while not craving may lead them to make decisions -- such as choosing to attend a party where there will be lots of smoking -- that they may come to regret."
The study, published in the September issue of Psychological Science, examines the "cold-to-hot empathy gap" -- that is, the tendency for people in a "cold" state (one not influenced by visceral factors such as hunger or fatigue) to improperly predict their own behavior when in a "hot" state (hungry, fatigued). This is, in part, because those in the cold state can't recall the intensity of their past cravings.
The researchers gathered 98 smokers for two experimental sessions. Those put in a "hot" state were asked to not smoke for 12 hours prior to the first session, then were induced to crave a cigarette by holding but not smoking a lit one. Those in a "cold" state smoked up until the first session but did not hold a lit cigarette. A comparison group skipped the first session completely.
During the first session, "hot" and "cold" participants were asked how much money they would need to delay smoking for five minutes in the second session, a time when all participants would be in a "hot" state. Smokers in all three groups had to abstain from smoking for 12 hours before the second session started, and were asked to hold -- but not smoke -- a lit cigarette during the session.
When asked the money question in the second session, the "cold" smokers from the first session asked for significantly more money to delay smoking for just five minutes while those originally in a "hot" state did not request an increase.
Those from the "cold" group were also much less likely to accurately predict how much money they would need to delay lighting up. Almost half of the "cold" smokers requested more money than what they had initially predicted, while only 25 percent of the "hot" group did the same.
"These findings suggest that smokers are likely to underpredict their own future desire to smoke when they're not craving a cigarette," study co-author George Loewenstein, the Herbert A. Simon Professor of Economics and Psychology at Carnegie Mellon, said in the news release. "The research not only has implications for helping smokers quit, but it also enlightens us on how nonsmokers may pick up the habit. If smokers can't appreciate the intensity of their need to smoke when they aren't currently craving, what's the likelihood that people who have never smoked can do so?"
More information
The American Cancer Society has more about how to quit smoking.
"We have observed previously that the idea of smoking a cigarette becomes increasingly attractive to smokers while they are craving," lead investigator Michael Sayette, a University of Pittsburgh professor of psychology, said in a university news release. "This study suggests that when smokers are not craving, they fail to appreciate just how powerful their cravings will be. This lack of insight while not craving may lead them to make decisions -- such as choosing to attend a party where there will be lots of smoking -- that they may come to regret."
The study, published in the September issue of Psychological Science, examines the "cold-to-hot empathy gap" -- that is, the tendency for people in a "cold" state (one not influenced by visceral factors such as hunger or fatigue) to improperly predict their own behavior when in a "hot" state (hungry, fatigued). This is, in part, because those in the cold state can't recall the intensity of their past cravings.
The researchers gathered 98 smokers for two experimental sessions. Those put in a "hot" state were asked to not smoke for 12 hours prior to the first session, then were induced to crave a cigarette by holding but not smoking a lit one. Those in a "cold" state smoked up until the first session but did not hold a lit cigarette. A comparison group skipped the first session completely.
During the first session, "hot" and "cold" participants were asked how much money they would need to delay smoking for five minutes in the second session, a time when all participants would be in a "hot" state. Smokers in all three groups had to abstain from smoking for 12 hours before the second session started, and were asked to hold -- but not smoke -- a lit cigarette during the session.
When asked the money question in the second session, the "cold" smokers from the first session asked for significantly more money to delay smoking for just five minutes while those originally in a "hot" state did not request an increase.
Those from the "cold" group were also much less likely to accurately predict how much money they would need to delay lighting up. Almost half of the "cold" smokers requested more money than what they had initially predicted, while only 25 percent of the "hot" group did the same.
"These findings suggest that smokers are likely to underpredict their own future desire to smoke when they're not craving a cigarette," study co-author George Loewenstein, the Herbert A. Simon Professor of Economics and Psychology at Carnegie Mellon, said in the news release. "The research not only has implications for helping smokers quit, but it also enlightens us on how nonsmokers may pick up the habit. If smokers can't appreciate the intensity of their need to smoke when they aren't currently craving, what's the likelihood that people who have never smoked can do so?"
More information
The American Cancer Society has more about how to quit smoking.
Minggu, 07 September 2008
Fat Cells in Obese People Are 'Sick'
(HealthDay News) -- Fat cells in obese people are "sick" compared to those in lean people, a new study shows.
Published in the September issue of Diabetes, a group of researchers from the Temple University School of Medicine analyzed fat samples from the upper thighs of six lean and six obese people.
They found significant differences in the fat cells of the obese participants compared with the lean participants.
"The fat cells we found in our obese patients were deficient in several areas," study author Guenther Boden, the Laura H. Carnell Professor of Medicine and chief of endocrinology, said in Temple press release.
Boden said that the obese people's fat cells showed stress on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which helps cells synthesize proteins and monitor how they are folded. When the ER is stressed, Boden explained, it produces several proteins that ultimately lead to insulin resistance. Insulin resistance, in turn, plays a major role in the development of obesity-related conditions.
The differences in the fat cells between obese and lean people may help explain the link between obesity and a higher risk of diabetes, heart disease, and stroke, Boden theorized.
More information
The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute has more about overweight and obesity.
Published in the September issue of Diabetes, a group of researchers from the Temple University School of Medicine analyzed fat samples from the upper thighs of six lean and six obese people.
They found significant differences in the fat cells of the obese participants compared with the lean participants.
"The fat cells we found in our obese patients were deficient in several areas," study author Guenther Boden, the Laura H. Carnell Professor of Medicine and chief of endocrinology, said in Temple press release.
Boden said that the obese people's fat cells showed stress on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which helps cells synthesize proteins and monitor how they are folded. When the ER is stressed, Boden explained, it produces several proteins that ultimately lead to insulin resistance. Insulin resistance, in turn, plays a major role in the development of obesity-related conditions.
The differences in the fat cells between obese and lean people may help explain the link between obesity and a higher risk of diabetes, heart disease, and stroke, Boden theorized.
More information
The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute has more about overweight and obesity.
Jumat, 05 September 2008
Look Good Naked - ABS DIET POWER
LGN is a health segment which aired on Sinclair Broadcast Group-owned news stations across the country.
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