Ob/Gyn Group Urges Routine HIV Tests for All Women

(HealthDay News) -- Minority women are at higher risk for HIV/AIDS, and doctors need to make a special effort to encourage them to be tested for HIV.

That's the new recommendation released Thursday by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG).

"Rates of infection among African Americans -- and also among Hispanics -- are much higher than among white women. Sixty-four percent of women with HIV are black, even though blacks only make up about 13 percent of the U.S. population," Dr. Heather Watts, a liaison member to ACOG's Committee on Health Care for Underserved Women, said in an organization news release.

In 2004, HIV infection was the leading cause of death for black women ages 25 to 34. A combination of testing, education, and brief behavioral interventions can help reduce HIV infection rates among minority women, according to the ACOG committee.

"Education plays an important role. Because HIV is more prevalent in their communities, women of color need to know they are more likely to be exposed to HIV," Watts said. "All women should understand how to protect themselves, such as limiting their number of partners and using condoms consistently."

Research has shown that behavioral interventions can increase rates of condom use, reduce risk-taking behaviors, and decrease the spread of sexually transmitted diseases.

"Physicians can explain to their patients that HIV screening is recommended for all adults now and that there are numerous benefits to being tested. We need to continue to destigmatize HIV screening and make it a part of routine care," Watts said.

More information
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has more about women and HIV.

Boston Trial to Test New HIV/AIDS Vaccine

(HealthDay News) -- A new HIV/AIDS vaccine designed to overcome the problem of preexisting immunity to common vaccine vectors is being tested in an early clinical trial at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston.

Preexisting immunity is believed to be a major problem in developing nations.

There will be 48 healthy volunteers taking part in the trial of the vaccine, which consists of a replication-incompetent, recombinant adenovirus serotype 26 (rAd26) vector encoding an HIV-1 envelope gene.

Each volunteer will receive either two or three immunizations, and then be monitored to assess the safety of the vaccine and its ability to trigger an immune response.

The rAd26 vaccine was developed by the Integrated Preclinical/Clinical AIDS Vaccine Development (IPCAVD) program, sponsored by the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. The program brings together academic and industry researchers to accelerate development of promising HIV/AIDS vaccine candidates.

The vaccine, the first HIV-1 vaccine candidate to emerge from the IPCAVD program, is made by Dutch biotechnology company Crucell Holland B.V.

The approach used in developing the rAd26 vaccine enables researchers to circumvent preexisting immunity to serotype 5, the virus responsible for the common cold. This virus has recently shown limitations as an HIV-1 vaccine vector.

"The rAd26 vector does not regularly occur in the human population, and human antibodies to this vector are rare. The rAd26 vector therefore is efficacious in eliciting good T and B (immune) cell responses," Jaap Goudsmit, chief scientific officer at Crucell, said in a prepared statement.

About 33.2 million people worldwide are living with HIV/AIDS, and there were 2.7 million new infections reported in 2007.

More information
Currently, there is no vaccine to protect against HIV/AIDS. The American Academy of Family Physicians offers tips for preventing HIV infection.